Liquidity concerns have led to some large U.S. bank failures and prompted regulators to take historic action to shore up confidence in the banking system.    

Banks have racked up unrealized losses in their securities portfolios due to higher interest rates devaluing their bond investments. They have also seen outflows of deposits as consumers spend down savings and search for higher yields. The pressure leaves banks with fewer funding options and facing questions from investors and regulators. 

S&P Global Market Intelligence covers the fallout for banks and other institutions globally.